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Dilution Calculator

Calculate concentrations and volumes for solution dilutions using C1V1 = C2V2

Dilution Calculations

M
L
L

How to Use the Dilution Calculator

Getting Started

  • Step 1: Select what you want to calculate (C1, V1, C2, V2, or from dilution factor)
  • Step 2: Enter the known values in the appropriate fields
  • Step 3: Click Calculate to get your result with detailed steps
  • Step 4: Use Load Sample to see example calculations

Key Dilution Concepts

  • C1V1 = C2V2: The fundamental dilution equation
  • Dilution Factor: Ratio of final to initial volume (V2/V1)
  • Stock Solution: The concentrated solution being diluted
  • Working Solution: The final diluted solution

Laboratory Best Practices

  • Add Solvent Gradually: Add water/solvent to concentrate, not vice versa
  • Mix Thoroughly: Ensure complete mixing during dilution
  • Use Volumetric Glassware: For accurate volume measurements
  • Temperature Considerations: Volume can change with temperature

Common Applications

  • Stock Solution Preparation: Making working concentrations from stocks
  • Serial Dilutions: Creating multiple dilution levels
  • Analytical Standards: Preparing calibration solutions
  • Buffer Dilutions: Adjusting buffer concentrations

Frequently Asked Questions

What's the difference between dilution factor and dilution ratio?

Dilution factor is the ratio of final volume to initial volume (V2/V1). A 1:10 dilution ratio means 1 part stock + 9 parts solvent, giving a 10× dilution factor.

How do I make a serial dilution?

Start with your stock solution and perform successive dilutions. For example, a 10× serial dilution: 1mL stock + 9mL water, then 1mL of that + 9mL water, etc.

Why can't I just multiply concentrations by volume ratios?

You must use C1V1 = C2V2 because concentration is inversely proportional to volume. Doubling volume halves concentration.

What units should I use for calculations?

Use consistent units throughout. Common combinations: M (molarity) with L (liters), or mg/mL with mL. The calculator assumes molarity (M) and liters (L).

How do I calculate the amount of solvent to add?

Solvent volume = V2 - V1. For example, to dilute 100mL to 1L, add 900mL of solvent (1000mL - 100mL = 900mL).

What if I need to dilute a solution that's already diluted?

Use the current concentration as C1. If you diluted 1M to 0.1M and want to further dilute to 0.01M, use C1 = 0.1M, not the original 1M.

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