All Questions

Which natural barrier marks India’s northern boundary?

What term describes India’s status due to its varied geographical features?

Which zone is referred to as the ‘water tower of Asia’?

Which glacier is the source of the Bhagirathi River?

What is the meaning of ‘Himalaya’ in Sanskrit?

Which of these is NOT one of the three broad Himalayan ranges?

Which state is home to the Great Himalayan National Park?

What explains the ongoing growth of the Himalayas?

Which desert is described as a cold desert in the chapter?

Which lake in Ladakh is salty due to mineral dissolution?

Which plain is enriched by rivers originating in the Himalayas?

What natural feature prevents the Thar Desert from expanding eastward?

Which form of traditional architecture is used in western Himalayas to resist earthquakes?

What is the primary economic activity in the Gangetic Plains?

Which animal is an important domestic livestock in Ladakh?

Which UNESCO World Heritage Site is located in the Thar Desert?

Which plateau is called peninsular due to being surrounded by water on three sides?

Which river flows westwards from the Peninsular Plateau?

Which biodiversity hotspot runs along India’s western coast?

What characteristic of the Eastern Ghats differentiates them from the Western Ghats?

Which peninsula is bordered by the Western and Eastern Ghats?

Which island group is located in the Arabian Sea?

Which body of water separates India from the Andaman Islands?

Which Indian village is known as the ‘cleanest village in Asia’?

Which festival is celebrated by the Khasi people as a form of gratitude towards nature?

What unique structure do tribes near Cherrapunji use as bridges?

Which delta in India is known for its mangrove forests?

Which active volcano is located in the Andaman Islands?

Which of these rivers splits into multiple streams near its delta?

What practice in the Thar Desert conserves water for daily use?

Which is NOT a function of India’s geographical diversity according to the chapter summary?

Which of these is a major east-flowing river on the Peninsular Plateau?

How have the Aravalli Hills contributed to ancient mining?

Which mode of transport is enabled by the flat terrain of the Northern Plains?

Which plant in the Western Ghats traps insects for nutrition?

What landform is defined as rising from surrounding land with a flat surface?

Which river delta spans both India and Bangladesh?

Which festival in Ladakh celebrates the region’s culture?

Which process formed India’s Himalayas according to the chapter?

Which of these is a characteristic of the Shivalik Hills?

How high can sand dunes in the Thar Desert rise?

Which mineral-rich plateau region supports tribal communities like the Gond and Baiga?

Why are Western Ghats important for rainfall?

Which of these rivers does NOT originate in the Western Ghats?

Which feature is common to both Western and Eastern Ghats?

Which bird species is associated with the Great Himalayan National Park?

Why do rivers on the Peninsular Plateau flow eastward mostly?

What is the definition of weather?

Which layer of the atmosphere is closest to the Earth's surface?

Approximately how thick is the troposphere?

Which of these is NOT an element of weather?

What does precipitation include?

How is atmospheric pressure defined?

What is wind?

What does humidity measure?

Which instrument measures rainfall depth?

Which instrument uses rotating cups to measure wind speed?

A barometer is used to measure:

Which scale is used for most temperature recordings in weather reports?

15°C is equivalent to how many degrees Fahrenheit (approx)?

What is the normal atmospheric pressure at sea level?

A pressure below 1000 mb generally indicates a:

Relative humidity of 100% means the air is:

Which relative humidity range is typical for dry weather?

What traditional sign indicates coming rain in nature?

What does AWS stand for in meteorology?

Why is an Automated Weather Station at 4800 m in Sikkim important?

Meteorology is the systematic study of:

Which instrument would you use to record maximum and minimum temperatures?

In the context of weather, what does 'ambient' refer to?

Why do pilots use wind socks on runways?

Which of these factors does NOT affect humidity measurements?

If Chennai reports 20°C and you feel cold, which concept explains this?

Calculate the temperature range for a day with a maximum of 32°C and minimum of 18°C.

Which site is best for placing a rain gauge?

What does the abbreviation 'TR' mean in rainfall records?

On 01-02-2024 at Srinagar, the actual max was 6.5°C and normal was 8.9°C. What is the departure?

Which weather map symbol indicates a heat wave?

Why is measuring atmospheric pressure important for forecasting cyclones?

What statistical measure gives the mean daily temperature?

How would you explain 'forecast' in simple terms?

What does the India Meteorological Department motto ‘ādityāt jāyate vṛṣṭi’ mean?

Which factor is dominant when a loo (hot, dusty wind) blows?

What simple experiment can students do to measure weekly rainfall variation?

Which sentence correctly uses 'dew' in weather context?

Which instrument would help a museum maintain its exhibits?

Which of these is a natural method of predicting weather?

What would be the advice for packing clothes for Mumbai at 29°C and 84% humidity?

What unit is used to report rainfall depth?

What does 'saturated air' refer to?

Which weather condition likely causes forest fires to spread?

How does a hygrometer measure humidity?

What component of an AWS measures precipitation?

Why is data collected at regular intervals important for forecasting?

Which weather element is most dominant during monsoon season?

Which part of the chapter explains the link between climate and weather?

Write a short script reporting temperature range, humidity, and rainfall for a given date from the IMD chart.

What is the main difference between weather and climate?

Which season is unique to India beyond the four global seasons?

Which of the following is NOT one of the six traditional ṛitus (seasons) in India?

Why do high-altitude areas like the Himalayas have cooler climates?

Which climate type is characteristic of the Thar Desert?

Which of these factors moderates temperature in coastal regions?

Which city experiences a smaller annual temperature range, Mumbai or Nagpur?

What role do the Western Ghats play in India’s summer monsoon?

During which months does the southwest monsoon typically cover the entire Indian subcontinent?

What is a microclimate?

Which parallel of latitude defines the tropical zone?

Which of these disasters is caused by sudden collapse of rock or earth in hilly regions?

What phenomenon occurs when glacial lakes overflow due to melting snow?

Why are urban heat islands warmer than surrounding areas?

Which instrument or department provides information on cyclone formation in India?

Which crop region in India is most dependent on irrigated water due to monsoon failure risk?

What is the primary cause of contemporary climate change?

Which festival is NOT directly linked to the agricultural or climatic cycle in India?

How do monsoon winds form during the summer?

Which region in India receives the heaviest average annual rainfall?

What is the effect of latitude on climate?

Which factor causes Mumbai to have milder winters than Nagpur?

Why do hill stations like Ooty have cooler summers than nearby plains?

Which of the following best describes ‘alpine climate’?

Which wind direction brings dry, hot air to Punjab in summer?

What happens to monsoon wind direction in winter?

Which natural disaster is directly linked to heavy monsoon rainfall in Assam?

What is the ‘eye’ of a cyclone?

How does deforestation affect landslide risk in mountainous regions?

Which greenhouse gas is most associated with human-driven climate change?

Which practice helps mitigate climate change by absorbing CO₂?

What is meant by climate resilience?

Which economic effect is associated with monsoon failure?

Which state is most famous for glacial burst-related floods?

Which topographical feature protects India from cold Central Asian winds?

What term describes long-term changes in temperature, precipitation, and weather events?

Which Indian festival marks the harvest and is linked to the monsoon cycle?

Why is Chennai warm year-round while Leh is cold?

Which of the following is NOT a practice to mitigate climate change?

Which part of India has a temperate climate with moderately cold winters and cool summers?

What does the term ‘arid climate’ imply?

Which Indian state is known for frequent forest fires due to dry conditions?

Which movement of air affects both temperature and humidity in India?

Why do regions near the Equator have warmer climates?

What is the term for seasonal winds over the Indian Ocean region?

Which activity can students do to document local seasonal traditions?

Which feature of topography affects local climate by shielding from certain winds?

What short essay topic helps students reflect on their favorite season?

Which concept involves the study of temperature, precipitation, and wind over decades?

What classroom activity involves mapping monsoon wind directions?

Why is understanding climate change important for communities?

Which environmental measure reduces greenhouse gas emissions?

Which of these is a direct cultural impact of climate cycles in India?

How can students explore local biodiversity changes with seasons?

Which science concept underlies the difference in heating rates of land and water?

Which exercise helps students practice prepositions in the chapter?

What is meant by the Second Urbanisation of India?

Which of these was NOT a feature recommended by Kautilya for a fortified capital?

What does the Sanskrit term janapada literally mean?

By the 7th century BCE, some janapadas merged to form larger states called what?

Which mahājanapada was located around modern-day Rajgir in Bihar?

What was the primary role of the sabhā or samiti in a janapada?

Which two mahājanapadas had a more democratic assembly-based selection of their ruler?

What defensive feature often surrounded mahājanapada capitals?

Which metal’s widespread use marked a major technological shift during the Second Urbanisation?

Punch-marked coins in early India were made of which metal initially?

Which road connected the northwest to the eastern Ganga plains?

What were the four varṇas described in the late Vedic texts?

Which region’s ancient Tamil literature mentions the Cholas, Cheras, and Pāṇḍyas?

Why was iron preferable to bronze for weapons?

Which mahājanapada’s capital was at Vaiśhālī?

What activity would a historian use along with literature to study mahājanapadas?

Which major river plain was the heartland of Second Urbanisation?

What special design feature controlled movement at city gateways?

What does the presence of elephant forests imply about some capitals?

Which early road crossed the Vindhya Range to reach south India?

Which of these was an outcome of larger trade networks for janapadas?

Which coin metal came into use after punch-marked silver coins?

In the varṇa system, which varṇa was responsible for rituals and knowledge?

What profession was associated with the Shudras?

Which mahājanapada capital corresponds to modern-day Ujjain?

Why did some communities change their jāti in early India?

Which city was the capital of Kalinga region with a square plan?

By 300 BCE, what had happened to most mahājanapadas?

Which mahājanapada lay closest to the Godavari River?

What did the potholes and narrowing of gateways help control?

Which period does the timeline in Fig. 4.8 cover?

Which source is NOT used to study ancient urban centres?

What impact did iron tools have on agriculture?

Which activity was part of the 'Let’s Explore' exercises?

Why did the varṇa–jāti system become more rigid over time?

Which profession could Brahmins undertake according to early flexibility?

What did punch-marked symbols on coins represent?

Which southern kingdoms engaged in overseas trade?

What does a moat around a city indicate?

What was a key reason for the concentration of mahājanapadas in the Ganga plains?

Which activity required filling a table with ticks or crosses?

Which ancient literature mentions the Second Urbanisation centres?

Why did punch-marked coins enable wider trade?

Which of these regions was NOT one of the sixteen mahājanapadas?

What was the main purpose of a sabhā removing an incompetent ruler?

Which feature shows early evidence of urban planning in southern India?

Which mahājanapada extended closest to the Punjab region?

Which occupation would belong to a sub-jāti?

Which city corresponds to the mahājanapada of Vatsa?

Which innovation was NOT part of the Second Urbanisation?

What does the term mahājanapada literally mean?

Which occupation would NOT fall under a jāti?

Which feature of urban centres is identified through archaeological remains?

Which economic activity expanded due to better roads and waterways?

Which mahājanapada capital is identified with modern Mathura?

Which material evidence shows early coin use in India?

What is the literal meaning of the Latin word ‘imperium’ from which ‘empire’ derives?

Which term in ancient Sanskrit texts meant ‘lord of all’?

What purpose did the drawbridge and moat around Pāṭaliputra serve?

Which resources did the forests around Pāṭaliputra NOT provide?

Which word is a synonym for ‘tributary’ used in the chapter?

Which Mauryan ruler chose the path of non-violence after the Kalinga war?

What was one of Aśhoka’s titles inscribed in his edicts?

Which language and script did Aśhoka use for most of his edicts?

Which of the following was NOT one of Kauṭilya’s seven parts (saptānga) of a kingdom?

Which ancient universities did Kauṭilya teach at before helping Chandragupta?

What economic institution did traders form to share resources and information?

Which river plains supported Magadha’s agricultural surplus?

Who was the ruler credited with founding the Nanda dynasty?

Which Greek general’s campaign reached the Indian subcontinent?

At which battle did Alexander defeat King Porus?

Which Greek historian wrote Indika, an account of India under Chandragupta Maurya?

Which feature symbolizing the universe crowns many Buddhist stupas?

Which Mauryan capital city was a major center of governance and commerce?

Which administrative record mentions a granary built to prevent famines?

In Kauṭilya’s saptānga, which element refers to the fortified towns and cities?

Which Mauryan ruler introduced punch-marked silver coins?

Which practice ensured food security during the Mauryan period?

Which religious figure’s relics were enshrined at the Sānchi stūpa?

Which Mauryan capital had well-planned streets with fire-water vessels at intervals?

Which concept is described by Kauṭilya as the source of a king’s power?

Which symbol on the Sarnath pillar capital represents the Buddha’s teaching wheel?

Which empire immediately preceded the Maurya Empire in the subcontinent?

Which Mauryan king’s unpopularity facilitated Chandragupta Maurya’s rise?

Which body oversaw trade ethics and internal rules in guilds?

What was the role of ‘amatya’ in Kauṭilya’s saptānga?

Which river did Alexander’s troops refuse to cross after heavy losses?

Which art form did the Mauryas highly polish, as seen in their pillars?

Which element did Aśhoka prohibit as part of his welfare measures?

Which writing innovation is credited to Pāṇini during the Nanda period?

Which body of water did NOT feature as a trade route in Chapter 5?

Which feature did NOT contribute to Magadha’s strategic advantage?

Which feature of empire administration did Aśhoka inspect every five years?

Which term describes councils allowing guild autonomy?

Which Mauryan structure symbolizes intelligence, power, and calm in sculpture?

Which empire’s decline is used to illustrate the fragility of empires?

Which of these was NOT a reason for kings to expand into empires, according to the chapter?

Which practice did NOT help maintain Mauryan welfare?

Which Stūpa feature allows devotees to perform pradakṣhiṇa (circumambulation)?

Which practice did Mauryan rulers use to control distant provinces?

Which of the following did NOT feature on the National Emblem derived from a Mauryan capital?

Which military innovation was essential for empire expansion?

Which Mauryan ruler is called ‘Devanampiya Piyadasi’?

Which feature ensured courts did not imprison without cause?

Which practice did NOT feature in Mauryan urban planning?

Why is the period after the Maurya empire called the 'Age of Reorganisation'?

Which event marked the end of the Maurya empire around 185 BCE?

Which dynasty did Puṣhyamitra Śhunga found?

What Vedic ritual did Puṣhyamitra Śhunga perform to assert his power?

Which language emerged as a preferred medium for philosophical and literary works during the Śhunga period?

The Bharhut Stūpa additions under the Śhungas depict stories from whose life?

Which dynasty ruled the Deccan region from the 2nd century BCE and issued coins depicting maritime trade?

What was the significance of the Naneghat Caves during the Sātavāhana period?

Which ruler's name began with his mother's name, showing her influence in the Sātavāhana kingdom?

Which queen performed the aśhvamedha yajña and donated land, as recorded in the Naneghat inscriptions?

Which dynasty rose to power in Kalinga after the Maurya decline?

What style of architecture is exemplified by the Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves?

Which literary period in south India produced collections of poems assembled by assemblies of poets?

Who is the protagonist of the Tamil epic Silappadikāram?

Which engineering marvel built by Karikāla still functions today to irrigate the Kaveri delta?

Which kingdoms formed the 'Three Crowned Kings' of the Sangam Age?

Which trade route network connected India to the Mediterranean during the Kushana period?

Which Indo-Greek ambassador dedicated a pillar praising Vāsudeva near Vidisha?

What calendar era was introduced by the Śhakas and later adopted as the Indian National Calendar?

Who was the most powerful Kushana ruler known for patronising art and issuing coins depicting Buddha and Śhiva?

Which two major schools of art flourished under the Kushanas?

Which material was primarily used by Gāndhāra sculptors?

What distinct feature characterises Mathura school sculptures?

On Kushana coins, why did rulers depict deities like Buddha and Śhiva?

Which major literary works were composed in Sanskrit during this period?

Which empire's map did students compare to post-Maurya maps to count former territories?

Which two methods did kingdoms use to gain control over neighboring regions?

Which ritual involved releasing a horse to claim conquered territory?

In the Bharhut Stūpa carvings, which goddess is depicted on one of the railings?

Which Indo-Scythian invaders succeeded the Indo-Greeks in northwest India?

Which script documents many inscriptions from the period, including royal donations and rituals?

Which animal figures appear holding up the wheel of dharma in Bharhut reliefs?

How many centuries does the timeline from 200 BCE to 300 CE cover?

Which Deccan dynasty's capital shifted between Amravati and Pratiṣṭhāna?

Which river system supported agriculture and economic stability under the Sātavāhanas?

Which Indo-Greek rulers left behind gold, silver, and copper coins that inform us about their reign?

Which maritime power in south India was renowned for its pearls?

Which inscription records King Khāravela’s yearly accomplishments?

Which deity do the Sātavāhanas predominantly worship, as indicated by their grants to scholars?

Which trade items did the Sātavāhanas export to the Roman Empire?

Which South Indian dynasty was a major naval power and featured in Megasthenes's 'Indika'?

Which religious communities did the Śhungas patronise despite reviving Vedic rituals?

Which coin feature indicates advanced navigation technology under the Sātavāhanas?

Which animals are shown in a group scene on Bharhut railing reliefs?

Which Indian ruler is called 'bhikṣhu-rāja' or monk-king?

Which dynastic art school produced smooth red sandstone sculptures of deities like Kubera?

Which foreign dynasties ruled northwest India before the Kushanas?

Which poet assembly gave its name to the earliest Tamil literature?

Which major South Indian capital was known for its marketplaces in Sangam poetry?

Which Shunga art contributions are seen at Bharhut Stūpa?

Which ruler's reign is marked by an era 78 years behind the Gregorian calendar?

Which classical epic was compiled into Sanskrit during this period of cultural exchange?

What term describes an alliance arranged through marriage between royal families?

Which coin find suggests that Kushana rulers revered both Buddhist and Hindu deities?

Which feature distinguishes Indo-Greek coins from purely local ones?

Which factor most contributed to the fragmentation of the Sātavāhana Empire in the 3rd century CE?

Which art school produced detailed bodhisattva heads with Greco-Roman influence?

Which symbol on the Sangam Age map highlights each kingdom's identity?

What does the term 'tapestry of the past' in the chapter title imply?

Which ritual animal was central to asserting sovereignty in aśhvamedha yajña?

Which dynasty's coins depict two-masted ships to highlight trade prowess?

Who founded the Gupta dynasty?

Why is the Gupta period often called the 'classical age' of India?

What is the approximate period during which the Gupta Empire flourished?

Where was the original capital of the Gupta Empire located?

Which famous iron structure from the Gupta period still stands without rusting in Delhi?

Which Gupta ruler is also known as Vikramaditya?

Which mathematician of the Gupta age proposed that the Earth spins on its axis?

Which text by Varāhamihira covered subjects from astronomy to town planning?

Which Sanskrit poet wrote Meghadūta during the Gupta period?

Which university thrived under Gupta patronage as a major Buddhist learning centre?

Which Gupta ruler performed the aśvamedha yajña to proclaim his achievements?

Which inscription praises Samudragupta’s conquests and was composed by Harisena?

What unique feature of Gupta coins often highlighted a ruler’s devotion?

Which Gupta ruler formed alliances through matrimonial ties with the Vakatakas?

What was the primary source of revenue for the Gupta administration?

Which body of water connected Gupta ports to the Mediterranean trade network?

Which island served as a key stopover for Gupta-era Indian traders to the Mediterranean?

Which Chinese traveller’s account gives insights into Gupta society?

According to Faxian, which class in Gupta society cared for the poor and sick?

Which Gupta ruler’s coin features him playing the veena?

Which Gupta-era art site is known for rock-cut Buddhist caves and paintings?

Which temple complex near Sanchi is associated with Gupta patronage?

Which title used by Gupta rulers signifies 'emperor of emperors'?

Which Gupta ruler reversed his predecessor’s policies and defended against Hun invasions?

Which dynasty ruled contemporaneously in southern India during the Gupta era?

Which present-day state corresponds to the ancient region of Kamarupa?

Which feature protected the Iron Pillar from corrosion according to scientific studies?

Which region did the Viṣṇu Purāṇa specify as under Gupta rule?

Which Gupta ruler is depicted playing the veena on his coins?

Which scientist credited with finalizing key Ayurvedic texts lived during the Gupta age?

Which Gupta-era port city was known for vibrant maritime trade?

Which Gupta ruler’s reign is associated with the peak of Sanskrit literature?

What administrative practice involved granting land to local elites in the Gupta Empire?