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# Utsav

## Overview
The chapter **“Utsav”** connects mathematics with real-life cultural celebrations and visual patterns observed in festivals like Makar Sankranti, Pongal, Bihu, and Lohri. Through hands-on activities and pattern recognition, students explore mathematical ideas such as repetition, symmetry, and sequencing using everyday objects, traditional art forms, and nature.

## Key Topics Covered

### 1. Festivals and Visual Observations
- Children are introduced to Indian harvest festivals celebrated across regions.
- These events provide opportunities to observe **decorations, dress, and rituals** with shapes and **repeated patterns** (e.g., kites, rangoli, flowers).
- The concept of **seasonal transition** is also introduced as background context.

### 2. Creating and Extending Patterns
- **Hands-on Pattern Making**: Students use concrete objects like buttons, bangles, vegetables, etc., to form their own patterns.
- Activities:
- Complete patterns shown in the book.
- Extend a given pattern using shapes, lines, or colours.
- Answer questions like “What comes next?” (prediction skills).
- Colour the next segment in a visual pattern (colour recognition and pattern logic).
- Example: Thumb and finger painting patterns inspired by Munna’s artwork.

### 3. Number Patterns
- Students study **number sequences** and complete them by identifying the pattern.
- This reinforces skip counting, logical progression, and numerical reasoning.

### 4. Patterns in Nature and Culture
- Explore and appreciate **natural patterns**: in leaves, butterfly wings, animal fur (zebra, tiger), beehives.
- Cultural patterns in clothing, utensils, and household decor.
- Traditional **art forms** like **kolam or rangoli** help children understand **symmetry and repetition**.
- Movement patterns in **dance** and **music rhythms** are also introduced.

### 5. Pattern Projects
- **Creative Projects** to be done individually or in groups:
- Make a collage with patterns from nature.
- Use items like bangles, caps, or sticks to design artwork.
- Create physical patterns using body movements like clapping or stomping.
- Design floral arrangements or jewellery-like patterns using collected objects.
- Complete a traditional rangoli pattern.

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## New Terms

| Term | Definition |
|-------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| pattern | A repeated design or sequence using shapes, colours, numbers, or actions |
| symmetry | A design where one half looks like the other (mirror image) |
| kolam | A traditional floor design made with dots and lines using rice flour |
| rangoli | A decorative art drawn on the ground using coloured powder during festivals |
| sequence | A specific order in which things follow each other |
| repetition | Doing something again and again in the same way |

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## Practice Problems

### Easy (3)
1. What comes next in the pattern?
🟢 🔴 🟢 🔴 ___
**Answer**: 🟢
**Explanation**: The pattern alternates between green and red.

2. Complete the number pattern: 2, 4, 6, __, 10
**Answer**: 8
**Explanation**: This is a skip counting pattern by 2.

3. Munna made a pattern with fingerprints: Left, Right, Left, Right, __
**Answer**: Left
**Explanation**: The pattern switches between left and right repeatedly.

### Medium (2)
4. Fill in the missing number: 5, 10, __, 20, 25
**Answer**: 15
**Explanation**: Skip counting by 5.

5. Which colour comes next?
🟡 🟡 🔵 🔵 🟡 🟡 🔵 🔵 ___ ___
**Answer**: 🟡 🟡
**Explanation**: The pattern repeats every four colours.

### Difficult (3)
6. Create a repeating pattern using these shapes: ▲ ● ■
Example Answer: ▲ ● ■ ▲ ● ■
**Explanation**: A repeating pattern is made by repeating the same sequence.

7. Complete this rangoli pattern: ⚫ ⚪ ⚫ ⚪ ⚫ __ __
**Answer**: ⚪ ⚫
**Explanation**: Alternating black and white; continues in same order.

8. Fill in the number pattern: 1, 3, 6, 10, __, __
**Answer**: 15, 21
**Explanation**: These are triangular numbers. Differences increase by 1 each time.

### Very Difficult (2)
9. Find the mistake in the pattern: 1, 4, 9, 16, 20, 36
**Answer**: 20 should be 25
**Explanation**: These are perfect squares: 1², 2², 3², 4², 5² (should be 25), 6².

10. You made a pattern by clapping twice, snapping once, stomping twice: 👏👏 ✨ 👣👣 👏👏 ✨ 👣👣 __ __ __
**Answer**: 👏👏 ✨
**Explanation**: The pattern repeats every three actions.

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