# Raksha Bandhan - Multiplication and Division

## Overview
In this chapter, students explore multiplication and division through real-life contexts like festival preparations, sweets distribution, games, and shopping. It encourages visual learning using objects, arrays, and number lines to understand grouping, sharing, and repeated addition.

## Key Topics Covered

### 1. Festival Preparation - Making Rakhis
- Students calculate materials needed to make rakhis using multiplication.
- Example:
- 1 Rakhi needs 1 flower, 2 threads, 4 beads.
- To make 5 Rakhis:
`Flowers = 5 × 1 = 5`
`Threads = 5 × 2 = 10`
`Beads = 5 × 4 = 20`

### 2. Word Problems from Real Life
- Real objects like laddoos, pedas, and kaju katlis are used for learning division.
- Sharing 18 laddoos among 9 people:
`18 ÷ 9 = 2` laddoos each.
- Sharing 20 kaju katlis among 5 people:
`20 ÷ 5 = 4` each.
- Sharing 16 kaju katlis among 4 people:
`16 ÷ 4 = 4` each.

### 3. Skip Counting and Multiplication Tables
- Skip counting introduces times tables:
- Jumping by 3: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15…
- Jumping by 6: 6, 12, 18, 24…
- Tables from 1 to 10 are built using repeated addition and jumping games.
- Students write tables using number lines and objects (like sticks and flowers).

### 4. Equal Grouping - Chickens and Flowers
- Grouping helps visualize multiplication:
- 6 groups of 4 jalebis = `6 × 4 = 24`
- 8 groups of 6 plants = `8 × 6 = 48`

### 5. Real-life Scenarios with Division
- Distribute 30 cookies among 5 children: `30 ÷ 5 = 6` cookies each.
- Make 12 wheels using 2 wheels per cycle: `12 ÷ 2 = 6` cycles.
- Total legs of 5 spiders: `5 × 8 = 40` legs.

### 6. Farm Visit - Repeated Doubling
- Tables of 2 learned using repeated patterns:
`1 × 2 = 2, 2 × 2 = 4, 3 × 2 = 6...`

### 7. Stick Method for Tables
- Visual method to build tables by arranging sticks and counting intersecting dots.
- Encourages hands-on learning for times tables from 5 to 10.

### 8. Patterns in Tables
- Table of 5 shows alternating endings: 5, 0, 5, 0...
- Predict patterns in larger numbers:
`18 × 5 = ?` (ends with 0)

### 9. Complex Word Problems
- Use of multiplication and division in real-life shopping and sharing:
- Cost of 2 wall hangings: `2 × ₹42 = ₹84`
- Total for 5 Rabdi cups at ₹75 each: `5 × ₹75 = ₹375`
- Using `₹100` notes for payment and calculating balance

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## New Terms and Simple Definitions

| Term | Simple Definition |
|-------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------|
| multiplication | Repeated addition (e.g., 5 × 2 means 5 added two times) |
| division | Sharing or grouping equally (e.g., 20 ÷ 5 means divide 20 into 5 parts) |
| skip counting | Jumping numbers by a fixed amount (like 2, 4, 6...) |
| beads | Small round objects used for decoration |
| equal groups | Same number of things in each group |
| repeated addition | Adding the same number many times |
| sticks method | Using straight lines or matchsticks to learn tables visually |
| pattern | Repeating sequence (like ending in 5 or 0 in 5’s table) |

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## Practice Questions

### Easy (3)

1. **How many legs do 4 cows have?**
`4 × 4 = 16 legs`

2. **If 1 Rakhi needs 2 threads, how many threads for 6 Rakhis?**
`6 × 2 = 12 threads`

3. **Share 15 pedas among 5 children. How many each?**
`15 ÷ 5 = 3 pedas`

### Medium (2)

4. **If 8 plants are planted in each row and there are 6 rows, how many plants?**
`8 × 6 = 48 plants`

5. **A spider has 8 legs. How many legs do 7 spiders have?**
`7 × 8 = 56 legs`

### Difficult (3)

6. **Dhruv has 112 sea-shells. He uses 28 for one necklace. How many necklaces can he make?**
`112 ÷ 28 = 4 necklaces`

7. **If a frog starts at 0 and jumps back by 7, what is the last number before going below 0 from 50?**
Start: 50 → 43 → 36 → 29 → 22 → 15 → 8 → 1 → **Next would be -6, so 1 is last**

8. **How many cows have 48 legs?**
`48 ÷ 4 = 12 cows`

### Very Difficult (2)

9. **There are 36 wheels in a garage. How many auto rickshaws (3 wheels each)?**
`36 ÷ 3 = 12 autos`

10. **Preeti buys 5 Rabdi cups at ₹75 each. She gives ₹500. How much return?**
`5 × 75 = 375`
`500 - 375 = ₹125 return`

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