# Filling and Lifting

## Overview

In this chapter, students learn to compare and estimate **capacity** (how much a container holds) and **weight** through hands-on experiments and visual reasoning. Concepts like **litre**, **half litre**, **quarter litre**, and **kilogram** are introduced through relatable activities and real-life objects.

## Key Topics Covered

### 1. Comparing Glasses and Vessels

* Children explore the idea that different-shaped glasses hold different amounts.
* The number of glasses needed to fill a larger container depends on the **size** of the glass.
* Through visual comparison, they determine who drank more milk by pouring contents into same-sized glasses.

### 2. Estimating Capacity with Different Vessels

* Students gather household vessels like bowls, glasses, bottles.
* They **guess** how many smaller containers fill a larger one and then **verify** by pouring.
* Vocabulary: **More than**, **less than**, **the most**, **the least**.

### 3. Measuring with Ladles, Bowls and Jugs

* Students use utensils like ladles and jugs to understand capacity practically.
* Activities include:

* How many ladles to fill a bowl?
* How many glasses can be filled by a jug?
* What can be used to fill half a glass?
* Estimating how many glasses 3 jugs can fill.

### 4. Understanding 1 Litre

* Use of a 1-litre bottle to estimate capacity of other vessels: glass, jug, bowl, ladle.
* Activities help children understand:

* Some vessels hold **less than**, **more than**, or **exactly** 1 litre.
* Measuring cups are used by milkmen to provide accurate quantity.

### 5. Estimating and Identifying Fractions of a Litre

* Students guess if household items hold:

* **1 litre**
* **Half litre**
* **Quarter litre**
* They identify equivalencies:

* 4 quarter litre glasses = 1 litre
* 2 half litre mugs = 1 litre

### 6. Heavy or Light?

* Hands-on activity to understand weight by comparing objects like:

* Pencil box vs lunch box
* Apple vs watermelon
* Balloon vs basketball
* Students feel weights and use vocabulary: **heavier**, **lighter**.

### 7. Measuring Weight with Matchboxes

* Use a **matchbox filled with sand** to estimate the weight of small items.
* Children guess and then verify:

* How many matchboxes balance a pencil box, spoon, marbles, etc.

### 8. Using Coins and Erasers to Weigh

* Create a simple balance using coins or erasers as weights.
* Record how many coins balance objects like a pencil or ping pong ball.

### 9. Exploring 1 Kilogram

* Children find objects that weigh 1 kilogram at home (e.g. salt packet).
* Estimate which common items are **more** or **less** than 1 kg.
* Learn about **½ kg** and **¼ kg** objects by comparing with a 1 kg reference.

### 10. Pan Balance Puzzle (Tricky Balls)

* Logical thinking puzzle:

* 3 balls look the same; 1 is heavier.
* Use a pan balance once to find the heavy one.
* Another task includes comparing 3 balls of different weights (Red, Orange, Green).

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## New Terms and Simple Definitions

| Term | Definition |
| --------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Capacity | How much a container can hold |
| Litre | A unit to measure liquids (1 litre ≈ a big water bottle) |
| Half Litre | Half of a litre (½ litre) |
| Quarter Litre | One-fourth of a litre (¼ litre) |
| Heavier | More weight |
| Lighter | Less weight |
| Measuring Cup | A cup used to measure exact amounts of liquid |
| Pan Balance | A scale with two pans used to compare weights |
| Matchbox Weight | Using a filled matchbox to estimate or measure weight |
| Kilogram | A standard unit for measuring heavier objects (1 kg = 1000 grams) |

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**Practice Questions with Answers and Explanations**
*(Easy - 3, Medium - 2, Difficult - 3, Very Difficult - 2)*
*Coming in next message due to length.*


Here are the **Practice Questions with Answers and Explanations** for the chapter **Filling and Lifting**:

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## Practice Questions

### 🟢 Easy (3 Questions)

**1. Which container holds the most water?**
A) Glass
B) Mug
C) Bucket
**Answer**: C) Bucket
**Explanation**: A bucket is larger than a glass or mug and holds the most water.

**2. What is heavier?**
A) A balloon
B) A basketball
**Answer**: B) A basketball
**Explanation**: A basketball is heavier because it is solid and larger than an air-filled balloon.

**3. How many half litre mugs make 1 litre?**
**Answer**: 2 mugs
**Explanation**: Two half-litre quantities equal one full litre.

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### 🟡 Medium (2 Questions)

**4. Nita has a bowl that holds 3 ladles of water. If she fills it twice, how many ladles of water did she use?**
**Answer**: 6 ladles
**Explanation**: 3 ladles × 2 = 6 ladles.

**5. Which object holds less than 1 litre of water?**
A) Big jug
B) Small glass
C) Bucket
**Answer**: B) Small glass
**Explanation**: A glass is smaller in size and holds less than 1 litre.

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### 🔴 Difficult (3 Questions)

**6. A jug fills 4 glasses. How many glasses will be filled by 3 such jugs?**
**Answer**: 12 glasses
**Explanation**: 3 jugs × 4 glasses each = 12 glasses.

**7. You have 1 kg of sugar. Which combination will balance it?**
A) Two ½ kg packets
B) Four ¼ kg packets
C) Both A and B
**Answer**: C) Both A and B
**Explanation**: 2 × ½ = 1 kg and 4 × ¼ = 1 kg.

**8. You use 1 quarter litre cup to fill a 1 litre bottle. How many times will you pour?**
**Answer**: 4 times
**Explanation**: 4 × ¼ litre = 1 litre.

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### 🔵 Very Difficult (2 Questions)

**9. You have three balls: Red, Green, Orange. One is heavier. Using a pan balance only once, how do you find the heaviest?**
**Answer**: Weigh Red vs Green.

* If equal → Orange is heaviest
* If not equal → heavier side has heavy ball
**Explanation**: This strategy uses only one weighing and gives the correct result.

**10. You filled a bottle with 6 bowls of water. If one bowl holds 150 ml, what is the bottle’s capacity?**
**Answer**: 900 ml
**Explanation**: 6 × 150 ml = 900 ml

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