# Give and Take

## Overview

In this chapter, students learn how to solve addition and subtraction problems through real-life situations involving objects like saplings, sacks, money, and grocery items. The concepts are reinforced using number lines, place value blocks (hundreds, tens, and ones), estimation, and word problems to build both conceptual understanding and mental math skills.

## Key Topics Covered

### 1. Addition and Subtraction of 3-digit Numbers

- **Place Value Method**: Problems are solved using hundreds, tens, and ones format.
- **Box Diagrams**: Visual representation of numbers for addition and subtraction.
- **Example**:

- _364 + 52 = 416_
Combine the numbers by place value.
4 Hundreds, 1 Ten, 6 Ones.
- _230 – 75 = 155_
Borrowing is used when tens or ones are not sufficient.

### 2. Word Problems

- **Saplings Problem**:

- _Kishan had 364 saplings, brought 52 more. Total = 416_
- _He packed 75 saplings out of 230. Remaining = 155_

- **Students apply** place value and subtraction with regrouping to find the correct results.

### 3. Create and Solve Word Problems

- Students generate their own word problems using numbers in box diagrams and contexts such as:

- Books, boys, girls, sacks

- Emphasis on using number lines and HTO (hundred-tens-ones) blocks for visualization.

### 4. Number Grid Practice

- Students use a number grid (e.g., 501–530) to solve addition/subtraction questions like:

- _456 + 10 = 466_
- _481 + 19 = 500_

- Encourages understanding of digit patterns when adding 1, 10, or 100.

### 5. Old Ways of Barter vs Modern Money

- Children read a short story about barter in the village of Jadupur.
- **Concept**: How different quantities of goods were exchanged before money existed.
- Today, coins and notes are used.

### 6. Recognizing and Using Currency

- Match coins and notes of equal value.
- Solve buying and selling problems:

- _Peter uncle has `465, earns more and gets `756. Difference = \`291_
- _Items costing `20–`55 are bought with different note combinations._

### 7. Money Word Problems

- Practical scenarios using Indian currency:

1. _Earned `650 and `250 = \`900 total_
2. _Buy groceries for `209, gave `500 → Return = \`291_
3. _Savings added weekly: `150 + 100×4 = `550_
4. _Monthly savings: `250 + 125 + 350 = `725_

### 8. Estimation and Rounding

- Estimating sums and differences to the nearest hundred:

- _156 + 34 ≈ 200_
- _765 – 567 ≈ 200_

### 9. Compare and Match Numbers

- Without calculation, compare values to find which is larger.
- Identify equal pairs from addition and subtraction sentences.

### 10. Create 3-digit Numbers Using Cards

- Make 3-digit numbers using digits 0–5.
- Find highest possible sum and smallest possible difference.
- Rearranging digits helps build number sense.

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