# Sharing and Measuring: Parts and Wholes

## Overview
In this chapter, students explore the concept of dividing objects into equal parts, with a focus on halves, quarters, and other fractions. Using stories, paper folding activities, food sharing, garden planning, and games, students understand how fractions represent parts of a whole and how these parts relate to one another.

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## Key Topics Covered

### 1. Understanding Halves and Quarters
- **Halves**: When an object is divided into two equal parts, each part is called a half (½).
- **Quarters**: When an object is divided into four equal parts, each part is called a quarter (¼).
- **Activity**: Cutting and coloring shapes to show equal halves and quarters.
- **Conceptual Insight**: More divisions lead to smaller pieces; 2 quarters (2/4) = 1/2.

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### 2. Exploring Equal Division with Food
- **Story Example**: Children share a dhokla. When divided between 2 people, each gets ½; when divided among 4, each gets ¼, and so on.
- **Observation**: As the number of people sharing increases, the size of each share becomes smaller.
- **Activity**: Shade portions of a circle (dhokla) to show ½, ⅓, ¼, ⅕, etc.

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### 3. Comparing Fractions
- Use a **fraction kit** or colored pieces to compare:
- Which fractions are bigger or smaller.
- For example, 1/5 < 1/4 and 1/3 > 1/4.
- Students practice filling in blanks and making logical comparisons between fractions.

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### 4. Parts of a Garden (Fractions in Real Life)
- **Activity**: A garden is divided into 5 equal parts. Different flowers (rose, marigold, jasmine) are planted in fractional sections.
- **Concept**: Representing fractions like 2/5, 3/5, 5/5 visually.
- Further Activities:
- Create your own garden plan using fractions like 1/7, 2/7, 3/7, etc.

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### 5. Dream Dosa Designer!
- **Story Setup**: Karan designs dosas with different toppings: spicy onion, classic potato, chilly paneer, and tangy tomato.
- **Task**: Divide dosas into quarters or eighths and assign toppings using fractions like ¼, ⅜, ⅔.
- **Extension**: Create your own dosa designs with custom fractions.

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### 6. Using Fractions in Daily Life
- **Examples**:
- Dividing sweets (barfis) equally.
- Sharing cookies among children.
- Measuring ribbon length for decoration.
- **Activity**: Identify and draw daily objects that can be divided into equal parts and label the fractions.

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### 7. Paper Folding to Learn Fractions
- **Task**:
- Fold paper into 2, 3, 4 parts and observe the fractions.
- Fold a third into half = 1/6.
- **Concept**: Demonstrates multiplication of fractions through folding.

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### 8. Fraction Comparison with Visual Models
- **Fraction Chart**: Used to discuss and visualize:
- Equivalents: 2 halves = 1 whole, 5 fifths = 1 whole.
- Comparisons: 3/6 = 1/2, 4/8 = 1/2.
- Number of parts making a whole.

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### 9. Identifying Fractions in Shapes
- **Activities**:
- Circle equal and unequal shapes.
- Identify shaded parts and write the fraction.
- Correct or cross out incorrect claims by students.
- Shade specific fractions like ¾, ⅔, ½.

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## New Terms

| Term | Simple Definition |
|--------------|----------------------------------------------------------------|
| Half (½) | One of two equal parts of something |
| Quarter (¼) | One of four equal parts of something |
| Fraction | A part of a whole, written with numbers like ½ or ¾ |
| Equal parts | All parts are exactly the same size |
| Whole | The complete or full item before dividing |
| One-third (⅓)| One part when something is divided into three equal parts |
| One-fifth (⅕)| One part when something is divided into five equal parts |
| Comparison | Finding out which fraction is bigger or smaller |
| Folding | Bending paper to divide it into parts |
| Sharing | Giving portions of something to others equally |

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## Practice Problems

### Easy (3)

1. **Divide a pizza into 2 equal parts. What is each part called?**
**Answer**: Half or ½.

2. **What is one-fourth written as a fraction?**
**Answer**: ¼.

3. **If a chocolate bar is split equally among 4 friends, what fraction does each get?**
**Answer**: ¼.

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### Medium (2)

4. **You have 12 cookies. What fraction will each get if shared among 3 children?**
**Answer**: 12 ÷ 3 = 4 cookies each → Each gets ⅓.

5. **Color 2 out of 8 diyas. What fraction have you colored?**
**Answer**: 2/8 = ¼.

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### Difficult (3)

6. **Draw a circle and divide it into 6 equal parts. Shade 3 parts. What fraction is shaded?**
**Answer**: 3/6 = ½.

7. **In a garden with 7 parts, 2 parts have Marigolds, 3 parts have Roses. What fraction is left?**
**Answer**: 7 - (2+3) = 2 parts left → 2/7.

8. **Fold a paper into 3 parts. Fold one of them into 2. What fraction is that piece now?**
**Answer**: 1/3 × 1/2 = 1/6.

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### Very Difficult (2)

9. **Compare 2/3 and 3/5. Which is larger?**
**Answer**: Convert to common denominator: 2/3 = 10/15, 3/5 = 9/15 → 2/3 is larger.

10. **You have a dosa divided into 8 parts. If 3 parts are paneer, 1 is onion, 4 are tomato, what fraction is paneer?**
**Answer**: 3/8.

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