------------------

# Data Handling

## Overview

This chapter helps students understand how to collect, organize, represent, and interpret data through real-life scenarios and structured activities. It includes the use of tally marks, tables, pictographs, and comparison strategies to answer questions based on data. Word problems involving addition and subtraction are introduced using visual aids such as box diagrams.

## Key Topics Covered

### 1. Collecting Responses (Favourite Subjects)

* Students learn to collect data by asking questions like "Which subject do you like the most?"
* Subjects include: Mathematics (M), Languages (L), The World Around Us (T), Arts (A), Physical Education (P.E.)
* 45 students give their responses, which are recorded using abbreviations.

**Task**: Count and fill a table with the number of students who like each subject.

### 2. Organizing Data in a Table

* Data collected is displayed in tabular form:

| Subject | No. of Students |
| ------------------------- | --------------- |
| Mathematics (M) | Counted value |
| Languages (L) | Counted value |
| The World Around Us (T) | Counted value |
| Physical Education (P.E.) | Counted value |
| Arts (A) | Counted value |

* Students compare which subject is most or least liked.

### 3. Gola Ice Colour Survey

* Children choose coloured ice golas during lunch.
* Students observe and collect which gola colour is most/least eaten.
* Data interpretation based on visual representation.

### 4. Game Preferences: Chess or Cricket

* Collect data on children who play only Chess, only Cricket, both, or neither.
* Table format to compare preferences between boys and girls.

**Questions Answered**:

* Who plays Chess the most?
* Who plays Cricket the most?
* How many children play both?

### 5. Pictograph: Bal Mela Food Sale

* Anjali records fruit chaat sales; Rohan records sandwich sales over 3 days.
* Data displayed as pictographs.
* Students fill a table and answer:

* Day with most sandwiches sold
* Item with highest sale on Day 2
* Total sales for each day

### 6. Word Problem Strategies Using Box Diagrams

* Introduces three types of word problems:

#### a. Combine

Example: Total number of children in two stages.

#### b. Change

Examples:

* How much money increased in a piggy bank
* How many potatoes were originally in the shop

#### c. Compare

Example: Age difference between two people.

Students learn to use box diagrams to identify operations (addition/subtraction) and understand problem structure.

## New Terms and Simple Definitions

| Term | Definition |
| ----------- | ------------------------------------------------------ |
| Data | Information collected for reference or analysis |
| Tally Marks | A quick way of keeping count using lines |
| Pictograph | A chart that uses pictures to show numbers |
| Table | An arrangement of data in rows and columns |
| Box Diagram | A visual way to represent and solve word problems |
| Compare | To find how two things are similar or different |
| Combine | To add two or more amounts together |
| Change | When something increases or decreases over time |
| Favourite | Liked more than others |
| Survey | A method of collecting data by asking people questions |

## Practice Questions

### Easy (3)

1. Count and fill in the table: 5 like Maths, 7 like PE, 3 like Arts. Which is the most liked subject?

* **Answer**: PE
2. Tally: Make tally marks for 4 people choosing apples.

* **Answer**: ||||
3. How many more children like Maths (10) than Arts (6)?

* **Answer**: 4

### Medium (2)

4. In a pictograph, 1 image = 5 students. If there are 3 images for Languages, how many students like Languages?

* **Answer**: 15 students
5. Fill the table: Sandwiches sold: Day 1 - 10, Day 2 - 15, Day 3 - 5. Which day had highest sales?

* **Answer**: Day 2

### Difficult (3)

6. Box Problem: I had 300, now I have 475. How much did I gain?

* **Answer**: 175
7. 25 students like Cricket, 18 like Chess, 10 like both. How many like only Cricket?

* **Answer**: 25 - 10 = 15
8. Compare: Raju is 9 years old. He is 3 years older than Sonu. How old is Sonu?

* **Answer**: 6

### Very Difficult (2)

9. A pictograph shows: Apple - 4 pictures, Banana - 3 pictures, Mango - 5 pictures (1 pic = 2 fruits). Which fruit has the highest count? By how many?

* **Answer**: Mango with 10 fruits. Mango is 2 more than Apple (8).
10. Tally table: Maths - |||| |||, PE - |||| ||||, Arts - ||||. Which is least and which is most liked?

* **Answer**: Most - PE (8); Least - Arts (4)