# Foundational Basis of Physical Education and Well-being

## Overview

This unit builds a strong connection between physical activities and personal development. Students enhance their fitness, mental strength, teamwork, and social responsibility. They participate in engaging games that teach physical skills, communication, safety, and empathy. The unit also introduces serious social themes like bullying and harassment in a child-friendly, action-based learning method.

## Key Topics Covered

### 1. The Ball Progression Game

**Objective**: Develops coordination, ball-handling, and teamwork.

**How to Play**:
- Draw a 20x10 meter rectangle on the ground.
- Place markers from the center line; divide students in pairs.
- Pairs pass the ball back and forth and move ahead after each successful pass.
- Game continues until all pairs have played.

**Warm-up**: Wrist rotation, hip circles
**Cool-down**: Static stretching
**Circle Time Focus**: Feel different muscle groups used while playing.

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### 2. Ghorpadiche Shepoot

**Objective**: Encourages cooperation, unity, and communication through movement.

**How to Play**:
- Form teams of 5–8 students; each forms a "ghorpad" by holding the waist of the student in front.
- Teams move in sync as the "head" tries to tag the "tail" of another team.
- Game lasts for a set time; team with most successful tags wins.

**Warm-up**: Side walks, back walks, jogging
**Cool-down**: Single/double-leg knee hugs
**Circle Time Focus**: Discuss coordinated movement and historical use of ghorpads.

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### 3. Nalugu Rallu Ata

**Objective**: Traditional game to develop strategy, courage, and mental strength.

**How to Play**:
- Draw a court with boxes and a central path.
- Place four stones in the center; one player is the denner.
- Other players pick stones without getting tagged by the denner.
- Denner chooses ‘Gumpu’ or ‘Chuttu’ to challenge players after stone collection.

**Warm-up**: Leg stretches, ankle rotations
**Cool-down**: Quadriceps and forearm stretches
**Circle Time Focus**: Managing fear of failure or being caught.

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### 4. Gidhada Gudkavan

**Objective**: Promotes agility, gender-inclusive strategy, and group protection.

**How to Play**:
- One student is the hawk; others are chickens behind a "mother hen."
- Hawk tries to tag the last chicken in the chain.
- The mother hen defends the chain.
- Game continues until all chickens are tagged.

**Warm-up**: Shoulder rotations, lunges
**Cool-down**: Quadriceps and overhead arm stretches
**Circle Time Focus**: Working for others and gender-inclusive planning.

### 5. Stand Up, Speak Out (Bully Role Play)

**Objective**: Helps students recognize bullying, its effects, and how to respond.

**How to Play**:
- Played alongside a game of Kho-Kho.
- Four students are secretly assigned roles: Bully, Target, Bystander, and Up-stander.
- The Bully engages in teasing, the Target pretends to be affected, Bystanders either ignore or support, and the Up-stander intervenes.
- After the game, students discuss their roles and experiences.

**Warm-up**: Sideward bending, skipping jumps
**Cool-down**: Arm swinging, shoulder shrug, hamstring and calf stretch
**Circle Time Focus**: Reflect on bullying, its impact, and the role of bystanders.

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### 6. Harassment Prevention Skit

**Objective**: Builds awareness and confidence to handle sensitive situations.

**How to Play**:
- In groups of 7–8, students enact skits on harassment scenarios such as inappropriate comments, touching, or pressure.
- Roles include perpetrator and victim.
- After performance, students discuss the scenario and how to respond.

**Warm-up**: Facial expression exercises (anger, happiness, anxiety)
**Cool-down**: Deep breathing to control emotions
**Circle Time Focus**: Talk about personal safety, good touch vs bad touch, and whom to approach for help.

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## New Terms and Definitions

| Term | Simple Definition |
|-----------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Coordination | Moving different parts of the body together smoothly |
| Denner | The person who tries to catch others in a game |
| Ghorpad | A large lizard (used here symbolically for team games) |
| Gumpu | Telugu word meaning "group" |
| Chuttu | Telugu word meaning "to circle around" |
| Hawk (Gidhada) | A bird used symbolically in games for a tagger or catcher |
| Up-stander | A person who sees bullying and takes action to stop it |
| Harassment | Unwanted behavior that makes someone feel uncomfortable or unsafe |
| POCSO Act | A law in India that protects children from sexual abuse |
| Circle Time | A discussion period where students sit together and talk about their experiences |

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## Practice Questions

### Easy (3)

1. **Name one skill developed in the Ball Progression Game.**
**Answer**: Teamwork
**Explanation**: Players work in pairs and move together while passing the ball.

2. **What does the mother hen do in Gidhada Gudkavan?**
**Answer**: Protects the chickens from the hawk.
**Explanation**: The mother hen blocks the hawk from tagging the last chicken.

3. **Which game helps in understanding harassment situations?**
**Answer**: Harassment Prevention Skit
**Explanation**: It involves role play to learn about unsafe behavior.

### Medium (2)

4. **What should you do if you see bullying around you?**
**Answer**: Be an up-stander and take action.
**Explanation**: Speak up, support the victim, and report it.

5. **Why is ‘Circle Time’ important after games?**
**Answer**: It helps students reflect on what they learned.
**Explanation**: They discuss feelings, teamwork, and lessons.

### Difficult (3)

6. **Explain how Ghorpadiche Shepoot teaches coordination.**
**Answer**: Players move together in a line like a lizard.
**Explanation**: Synchronizing steps helps the team tag others efficiently.

7. **In Nalugu Rallu Ata, what happens when the denner chooses ‘Chuttu’?**
**Answer**: Players must circle the boxes three times.
**Explanation**: It increases difficulty and requires avoiding the denner.

8. **How does the Harassment Skit encourage reporting?**
**Answer**: It makes students aware of inappropriate actions and how to respond.
**Explanation**: Roleplay builds confidence and shows how to seek help.

### Very Difficult (2)

9. **How does physical activity contribute to mental strength in these games?**
**Answer**: It teaches handling fear, teamwork, and overcoming challenges.
**Explanation**: Games like Nalugu Rallu Ata test decision-making under pressure.

10. **How can traditional games like Gidhada Gudkavan promote inclusion and respect?**
**Answer**: They involve everyone and value each player’s role, regardless of ability or gender.
**Explanation**: Strategy and group success are prioritized over individual performance.

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