Chapter 3: मित्राय नमः
7th StandardSanskrit
Chapter Summary
मित्राय नमः - Chapter Summary
# मित्राय नमः
## Overview
In this chapter, students learn about the practice of early morning yoga, especially **सूर्यनमस्कार** (Sun Salutation), its physical, mental and spiritual benefits, and how to respectfully chant the related mantras. The conversation format between students and teacher encourages curiosity and reverence towards yogic traditions. The chapter includes grammatical lessons on **चतुर्थी विभक्ति** (dative case), new vocabulary, shloka interpretation, and practical language use.
---
## Key Topics Covered
### 1. Morning Routine and Yoga Practice
- The narrator mentions going for a morning walk in the park daily with their father.
- Various people in the park are seen doing **व्यायाम** (exercise) and **योगासन** (yogic postures).
- The narrator expresses a desire to learn yoga, and all students decide to visit the yoga teacher together.
### 2. Learning सूर्यनमस्कार (Sun Salutation)
- The teacher begins teaching **सूर्यनमस्कार**, introducing the importance and sequence of postures.
- **सूर्यनमस्कार** involves a series of 12 mantras, each dedicated to a form of the Sun.
#### 12 Mantras:
1. ॐ मित्राय नमः।
2. ॐ रवये नमः।
3. ॐ सूर्याय नमः।
4. ॐ भानवे नमः।
5. ॐ खगाय नमः।
6. ॐ पूष्णे नमः।
7. ॐ हिरण्यगर्भाय नमः।
8. ॐ मरीचये नमः।
9. ॐ आदित्याय नमः।
10. ॐ सवित्रे नमः।
11. ॐ अर्काय नमः।
12. ॐ भास्कराय नमः।
> All are concluded with:
> ॐ सवितृसूर्यानारायणाय नमः।
### 3. Importance and Benefits of सूर्यनमस्कार
- सूर्यनमस्कार is considered the best among yoga postures.
- Benefits:
- Strengthens body
- Improves **बुद्धि (intelligence)**, **वीर्य (vitality)**, **तेज (brilliance)**
- Enhances **आध्यात्मिकता (spirituality)**
- Maintains **स्वास्थ्य (health)**
### 4. Sanskrit Grammar – चतुर्थी विभक्ति (Dative Case)
- Chaturthi Vibhakti rules and forms for various word types (masculine, feminine, neuter) are introduced.
- Practice includes filling dative case forms and creating sentences like:
- विक्षकेः छात्राय पुस्तकं ददाति।
- माता याचकाय वस्त्रं ददाति।
- अहं भगिन्यै उपायनं ददामि।
### 5. Vocabulary and Sentence Construction
- Vocabulary building with meanings in English.
- Exercises include:
- Matching Sanskrit words with English equivalents
- Sentence writing in dative case
- Chanting and memorizing mantras
- Filling in missing forms (e.g., आतिथ्य – आतिथ्याय – आतिथ्याभ्याम् – आतिथ्येभ्यः)
### 6. Shloka Explanation
Students recite and interpret:
> आगच्छन्ति नमस्कारं ये कुर्युः दिने दिने।
> आरोग्यं प्रज्ञा बलं वीर्यं तेजस्तेषां च जायते॥
Meaning:
> Those who do **सूर्यनमस्कार** daily attain health, intelligence, strength, courage, and brilliance.
---
## New Terms and Simple Definitions
| Sanskrit Term | English Meaning |
|----------------------|-------------------------------------------|
| मित्राय | to the friend |
| सूर्याय | to the Sun |
| योगासन | yogic posture |
| नमः | salutation |
| चतुर्थी विभक्ति | dative case (grammatical form) |
| बुद्धिः | intelligence |
| वीर्यम् | vigor, strength |
| तेजः | brilliance |
| आध्यात्मिकता | spirituality |
| स्वास्थ्य | health |
| अतिथ्य | hospitality |
| भोजनाय | for food |
| छात्राय | to the student |
---
## Practice Questions with Answers and Explanation
### Easy (3 Questions)
1. **प्रश्नः**: ‘अहं प्रतिदिनं प्रातः उद्याने गच्छामि’ – अत्र 'प्रातः' शब्दस्य अर्थः कः?
- **उत्तरम्**: प्रातः = In the morning
- **स्पष्टीकरणम्**: ‘प्रातः’ means early morning; the student is telling his routine.
2. **प्रश्नः**: सूर्यनमस्कारस्य प्रथमं मंत्रः कः?
- **उत्तरम्**: ॐ मित्राय नमः।
- **स्पष्टीकरणम्**: This is the first salutation to the Sun god in the sequence.
3. **प्रश्नः**: ‘ॐ रवये नमः’ इत्यस्मिन् ‘रवये’ इत्येतत् कस्य विभक्तिः रूपम् अस्ति?
- **उत्तरम्**: चतुर्थी विभक्ति।
- **स्पष्टीकरणम्**: ‘रवये’ is the dative singular form, meaning “to Ravi (Sun).”
---
### Medium (2 Questions)
4. **प्रश्नः**: सूर्यनमस्कारस्य लाभाः के?
- **उत्तरम्**: स्वास्थ्यं, बुद्धिः, तेजः, वीर्यम्, आध्यात्मिकता च।
- **स्पष्टीकरणम्**: Regular practice of Surya Namaskar enhances physical, mental, and spiritual strength.
5. **प्रश्नः**: ‘वयं प्रतिदिनं सूर्यनमस्कारं कुर्मः’ – अत्र ‘वयं’ इति कः पुरुषः?
- **उत्तरम्**: उत्तमपुरुषः बहुवचनम्।
- **स्पष्टीकरणम्**: 'वयं' means "we" and is first person plural.
---
### Difficult (3 Questions)
6. **प्रश्नः**: ‘ॐ सवितृसूर्यानारायणाय नमः’ – अत्र त्रयाणां नाम्नां योगः अस्ति। के?
- **उत्तरम्**: सविता, सूर्य, नारायण।
- **स्पष्टीकरणम्**: This mantra combines names of the Sun in various forms.
7. **प्रश्नः**: “वयं सर्वे योगशिक्षिकायाः समीपं गच्छामः” – अत्र 'समीपं' इत्यस्य प्रयोगः कः दर्शयति?
- **उत्तरम्**: स्थानवाचक कर्मसप्तमी।
- **स्पष्टीकरणम्**: 'समीपं' denotes ‘near’ and is used with verbs of movement.
8. **प्रश्नः**: ‘आहारः अपि आवश्यकः’ – अत्र ‘अपि’ इत्येतत् को दर्शयति?
- **उत्तरम्**: संयोजनं वा अतिरिक्तत्वं दर्शयति।
- **स्पष्टीकरणम्**: ‘अपि’ means "also" or "even".
---
### Very Difficult (2 Questions)
9. **प्रश्नः**: चतुर्थी विभक्तेः रूपाणि (पुंलिङ्गे, एकवचन-बहुवचन) उदाहरन्।
- **उत्तरम्**: छात्राय (एकवचन), छात्रेभ्यः (बहुवचन)
- **स्पष्टीकरणम्**: Both are dative case forms in masculine gender.
10. **प्रश्नः**: "आचार्याय नमः" इत्यत्र 'नमः' शब्दस्य प्रयोगं व्याख्यत।
- **उत्तरम्**: नमः = bowing or salutation; it governs the dative case – 'to the teacher'.
- **स्पष्टीकरणम्**: ‘नमः’ is used with Chaturthi (dative), showing respect or offering.
---
## Overview
In this chapter, students learn about the practice of early morning yoga, especially **सूर्यनमस्कार** (Sun Salutation), its physical, mental and spiritual benefits, and how to respectfully chant the related mantras. The conversation format between students and teacher encourages curiosity and reverence towards yogic traditions. The chapter includes grammatical lessons on **चतुर्थी विभक्ति** (dative case), new vocabulary, shloka interpretation, and practical language use.
---
## Key Topics Covered
### 1. Morning Routine and Yoga Practice
- The narrator mentions going for a morning walk in the park daily with their father.
- Various people in the park are seen doing **व्यायाम** (exercise) and **योगासन** (yogic postures).
- The narrator expresses a desire to learn yoga, and all students decide to visit the yoga teacher together.
### 2. Learning सूर्यनमस्कार (Sun Salutation)
- The teacher begins teaching **सूर्यनमस्कार**, introducing the importance and sequence of postures.
- **सूर्यनमस्कार** involves a series of 12 mantras, each dedicated to a form of the Sun.
#### 12 Mantras:
1. ॐ मित्राय नमः।
2. ॐ रवये नमः।
3. ॐ सूर्याय नमः।
4. ॐ भानवे नमः।
5. ॐ खगाय नमः।
6. ॐ पूष्णे नमः।
7. ॐ हिरण्यगर्भाय नमः।
8. ॐ मरीचये नमः।
9. ॐ आदित्याय नमः।
10. ॐ सवित्रे नमः।
11. ॐ अर्काय नमः।
12. ॐ भास्कराय नमः।
> All are concluded with:
> ॐ सवितृसूर्यानारायणाय नमः।
### 3. Importance and Benefits of सूर्यनमस्कार
- सूर्यनमस्कार is considered the best among yoga postures.
- Benefits:
- Strengthens body
- Improves **बुद्धि (intelligence)**, **वीर्य (vitality)**, **तेज (brilliance)**
- Enhances **आध्यात्मिकता (spirituality)**
- Maintains **स्वास्थ्य (health)**
### 4. Sanskrit Grammar – चतुर्थी विभक्ति (Dative Case)
- Chaturthi Vibhakti rules and forms for various word types (masculine, feminine, neuter) are introduced.
- Practice includes filling dative case forms and creating sentences like:
- विक्षकेः छात्राय पुस्तकं ददाति।
- माता याचकाय वस्त्रं ददाति।
- अहं भगिन्यै उपायनं ददामि।
### 5. Vocabulary and Sentence Construction
- Vocabulary building with meanings in English.
- Exercises include:
- Matching Sanskrit words with English equivalents
- Sentence writing in dative case
- Chanting and memorizing mantras
- Filling in missing forms (e.g., आतिथ्य – आतिथ्याय – आतिथ्याभ्याम् – आतिथ्येभ्यः)
### 6. Shloka Explanation
Students recite and interpret:
> आगच्छन्ति नमस्कारं ये कुर्युः दिने दिने।
> आरोग्यं प्रज्ञा बलं वीर्यं तेजस्तेषां च जायते॥
Meaning:
> Those who do **सूर्यनमस्कार** daily attain health, intelligence, strength, courage, and brilliance.
---
## New Terms and Simple Definitions
| Sanskrit Term | English Meaning |
|----------------------|-------------------------------------------|
| मित्राय | to the friend |
| सूर्याय | to the Sun |
| योगासन | yogic posture |
| नमः | salutation |
| चतुर्थी विभक्ति | dative case (grammatical form) |
| बुद्धिः | intelligence |
| वीर्यम् | vigor, strength |
| तेजः | brilliance |
| आध्यात्मिकता | spirituality |
| स्वास्थ्य | health |
| अतिथ्य | hospitality |
| भोजनाय | for food |
| छात्राय | to the student |
---
## Practice Questions with Answers and Explanation
### Easy (3 Questions)
1. **प्रश्नः**: ‘अहं प्रतिदिनं प्रातः उद्याने गच्छामि’ – अत्र 'प्रातः' शब्दस्य अर्थः कः?
- **उत्तरम्**: प्रातः = In the morning
- **स्पष्टीकरणम्**: ‘प्रातः’ means early morning; the student is telling his routine.
2. **प्रश्नः**: सूर्यनमस्कारस्य प्रथमं मंत्रः कः?
- **उत्तरम्**: ॐ मित्राय नमः।
- **स्पष्टीकरणम्**: This is the first salutation to the Sun god in the sequence.
3. **प्रश्नः**: ‘ॐ रवये नमः’ इत्यस्मिन् ‘रवये’ इत्येतत् कस्य विभक्तिः रूपम् अस्ति?
- **उत्तरम्**: चतुर्थी विभक्ति।
- **स्पष्टीकरणम्**: ‘रवये’ is the dative singular form, meaning “to Ravi (Sun).”
---
### Medium (2 Questions)
4. **प्रश्नः**: सूर्यनमस्कारस्य लाभाः के?
- **उत्तरम्**: स्वास्थ्यं, बुद्धिः, तेजः, वीर्यम्, आध्यात्मिकता च।
- **स्पष्टीकरणम्**: Regular practice of Surya Namaskar enhances physical, mental, and spiritual strength.
5. **प्रश्नः**: ‘वयं प्रतिदिनं सूर्यनमस्कारं कुर्मः’ – अत्र ‘वयं’ इति कः पुरुषः?
- **उत्तरम्**: उत्तमपुरुषः बहुवचनम्।
- **स्पष्टीकरणम्**: 'वयं' means "we" and is first person plural.
---
### Difficult (3 Questions)
6. **प्रश्नः**: ‘ॐ सवितृसूर्यानारायणाय नमः’ – अत्र त्रयाणां नाम्नां योगः अस्ति। के?
- **उत्तरम्**: सविता, सूर्य, नारायण।
- **स्पष्टीकरणम्**: This mantra combines names of the Sun in various forms.
7. **प्रश्नः**: “वयं सर्वे योगशिक्षिकायाः समीपं गच्छामः” – अत्र 'समीपं' इत्यस्य प्रयोगः कः दर्शयति?
- **उत्तरम्**: स्थानवाचक कर्मसप्तमी।
- **स्पष्टीकरणम्**: 'समीपं' denotes ‘near’ and is used with verbs of movement.
8. **प्रश्नः**: ‘आहारः अपि आवश्यकः’ – अत्र ‘अपि’ इत्येतत् को दर्शयति?
- **उत्तरम्**: संयोजनं वा अतिरिक्तत्वं दर्शयति।
- **स्पष्टीकरणम्**: ‘अपि’ means "also" or "even".
---
### Very Difficult (2 Questions)
9. **प्रश्नः**: चतुर्थी विभक्तेः रूपाणि (पुंलिङ्गे, एकवचन-बहुवचन) उदाहरन्।
- **उत्तरम्**: छात्राय (एकवचन), छात्रेभ्यः (बहुवचन)
- **स्पष्टीकरणम्**: Both are dative case forms in masculine gender.
10. **प्रश्नः**: "आचार्याय नमः" इत्यत्र 'नमः' शब्दस्य प्रयोगं व्याख्यत।
- **उत्तरम्**: नमः = bowing or salutation; it governs the dative case – 'to the teacher'.
- **स्पष्टीकरणम्**: ‘नमः’ is used with Chaturthi (dative), showing respect or offering.
---
मित्राय नमः
Overview
In this chapter, students learn about the practice of early morning yoga, especially सूर्यनमस्कार (Sun Salutation), its physical, mental and spiritual benefits, and how to respectfully chant the related mantras. The conversation format between students and teacher encourages curiosity and reverence towards yogic traditions. The chapter includes grammatical lessons on चतुर्थी विभक्ति (dative case), new vocabulary, shloka interpretation, and practical language use.
Key Topics Covered
1. Morning Routine and Yoga Practice
- The narrator mentions going for a morning walk in the park daily with their father.
- Various people in the park are seen doing व्यायाम (exercise) and योगासन (yogic postures).
- The narrator expresses a desire to learn yoga, and all students decide to visit the yoga teacher together.
2. Learning सूर्यनमस्कार (Sun Salutation)
- The teacher begins teaching सूर्यनमस्कार, introducing the importance and sequence of postures.
- सूर्यनमस्कार involves a series of 12 mantras, each dedicated to a form of the Sun.
12 Mantras:
- ॐ मित्राय नमः।
- ॐ रवये नमः।
- ॐ सूर्याय नमः।
- ॐ भानवे नमः।
- ॐ खगाय नमः।
- ॐ पूष्णे नमः।
- ॐ हिरण्यगर्भाय नमः।
- ॐ मरीचये नमः।
- ॐ आदित्याय नमः।
- ॐ सवित्रे नमः।
- ॐ अर्काय नमः।
- ॐ भास्कराय नमः।
All are concluded with:
ॐ सवितृसूर्यानारायणाय नमः।
3. Importance and Benefits of सूर्यनमस्कार
- सूर्यनमस्कार is considered the best among yoga postures.
- Benefits:
- Strengthens body
- Improves बुद्धि (intelligence), वीर्य (vitality), तेज (brilliance)
- Enhances आध्यात्मिकता (spirituality)
- Maintains स्वास्थ्य (health)
4. Sanskrit Grammar – चतुर्थी विभक्ति (Dative Case)
- Chaturthi Vibhakti rules and forms for various word types (masculine, feminine, neuter) are introduced.
- Practice includes filling dative case forms and creating sentences like:
- विक्षकेः छात्राय पुस्तकं ददाति।
- माता याचकाय वस्त्रं ददाति।
- अहं भगिन्यै उपायनं ददामि।
5. Vocabulary and Sentence Construction
- Vocabulary building with meanings in English.
- Exercises include:
- Matching Sanskrit words with English equivalents
- Sentence writing in dative case
- Chanting and memorizing mantras
- Filling in missing forms (e.g., आतिथ्य – आतिथ्याय – आतिथ्याभ्याम् – आतिथ्येभ्यः)
6. Shloka Explanation
Students recite and interpret:
आगच्छन्ति नमस्कारं ये कुर्युः दिने दिने।
आरोग्यं प्रज्ञा बलं वीर्यं तेजस्तेषां च जायते॥
Meaning:
Those who do सूर्यनमस्कार daily attain health, intelligence, strength, courage, and brilliance.
New Terms and Simple Definitions
| Sanskrit Term | English Meaning |
|---|---|
| मित्राय | to the friend |
| सूर्याय | to the Sun |
| योगासन | yogic posture |
| नमः | salutation |
| चतुर्थी विभक्ति | dative case (grammatical form) |
| बुद्धिः | intelligence |
| वीर्यम् | vigor, strength |
| तेजः | brilliance |
| आध्यात्मिकता | spirituality |
| स्वास्थ्य | health |
| अतिथ्य | hospitality |
| भोजनाय | for food |
| छात्राय | to the student |
Practice Questions with Answers and Explanation
Easy (3 Questions)
-
प्रश्नः: ‘अहं प्रतिदिनं प्रातः उद्याने गच्छामि’ – अत्र 'प्रातः' शब्दस्य अर्थः कः?
- उत्तरम्: प्रातः = In the morning
- स्पष्टीकरणम्: ‘प्रातः’ means early morning; the student is telling his routine.
-
प्रश्नः: सूर्यनमस्कारस्य प्रथमं मंत्रः कः?
- उत्तरम्: ॐ मित्राय नमः।
- स्पष्टीकरणम्: This is the first salutation to the Sun god in the sequence.
-
प्रश्नः: ‘ॐ रवये नमः’ इत्यस्मिन् ‘रवये’ इत्येतत् कस्य विभक्तिः रूपम् अस्ति?
- उत्तरम्: चतुर्थी विभक्ति।
- स्पष्टीकरणम्: ‘रवये’ is the dative singular form, meaning “to Ravi (Sun).”
Medium (2 Questions)
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प्रश्नः: सूर्यनमस्कारस्य लाभाः के?
- उत्तरम्: स्वास्थ्यं, बुद्धिः, तेजः, वीर्यम्, आध्यात्मिकता च।
- स्पष्टीकरणम्: Regular practice of Surya Namaskar enhances physical, mental, and spiritual strength.
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प्रश्नः: ‘वयं प्रतिदिनं सूर्यनमस्कारं कुर्मः’ – अत्र ‘वयं’ इति कः पुरुषः?
- उत्तरम्: उत्तमपुरुषः बहुवचनम्।
- स्पष्टीकरणम्: 'वयं' means "we" and is first person plural.
Difficult (3 Questions)
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प्रश्नः: ‘ॐ सवितृसूर्यानारायणाय नमः’ – अत्र त्रयाणां नाम्नां योगः अस्ति। के?
- उत्तरम्: सविता, सूर्य, नारायण।
- स्पष्टीकरणम्: This mantra combines names of the Sun in various forms.
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प्रश्नः: “वयं सर्वे योगशिक्षिकायाः समीपं गच्छामः” – अत्र 'समीपं' इत्यस्य प्रयोगः कः दर्शयति?
- उत्तरम्: स्थानवाचक कर्मसप्तमी।
- स्पष्टीकरणम्: 'समीपं' denotes ‘near’ and is used with verbs of movement.
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प्रश्नः: ‘आहारः अपि आवश्यकः’ – अत्र ‘अपि’ इत्येतत् को दर्शयति?
- उत्तरम्: संयोजनं वा अतिरिक्तत्वं दर्शयति।
- स्पष्टीकरणम्: ‘अपि’ means "also" or "even".
Very Difficult (2 Questions)
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प्रश्नः: चतुर्थी विभक्तेः रूपाणि (पुंलिङ्गे, एकवचन-बहुवचन) उदाहरन्।
- उत्तरम्: छात्राय (एकवचन), छात्रेभ्यः (बहुवचन)
- स्पष्टीकरणम्: Both are dative case forms in masculine gender.
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प्रश्नः: "आचार्याय नमः" इत्यत्र 'नमः' शब्दस्य प्रयोगं व्याख्यत।
- उत्तरम्: नमः = bowing or salutation; it governs the dative case – 'to the teacher'.
- स्पष्टीकरणम्: ‘नमः’ is used with Chaturthi (dative), showing respect or offering.